Cities as Platforms and Smart Cities, Issue Two: Summer 2016 - PASCAL SIG: Public Sector Interface

In this second issue, the theme of Cities as platforms and Smart Cities is considered. The PASCAL network has previously linked debate about Smart Cities to the theme of Entrepreneurial Learning Cities (see Learning Cities Networks [1]). The authors in this paper build on this work with a focus on Knowledge City models and other city frameworks; the role of technology and the value that Higher Education Institutes can add when they form strategic partnerships.

Ilpo Laitinen [2], of the city of Helsinki (Finland) and Chair of the SIG, introduces the theme of Cities as Platforms and Smart Cities. He considers the role of technology and a paradigm shift to a so-called fourth industrial revolution. This change comes at a time when cities face challenges and threats to their sustainability across all their core systems. He highlights the competing discourses of a) digital city, b) the sustainable and green city and c) the learning city which presents challenges for HEIs and other institutions preparing students for the future labour market. One option is to deepen collaboration within Smart Cities and develop eco-systemic approaches.

Jane Niall [3](Australia) explores the role of Higher Education Institutions in Regional innovation, entrepreneurship and start-up formation. She reflects on the key role of partnership with regional and national governments to encourage these activities. Niall appreciates the importance of cities in driving growth and highlights that there is no one size-fits-all model. While there are significant challenges, there are numerous opportunities for both major city and regionally-based universities.

Blanca C Garcia [4](Mexico) focuses on Urban Innovation and how that leads towards Equitable Cities. She links Knowledge-based development (KBD), and the Knowledge City (KC) to a range of city frameworks such as the Smart City, the Creative City, the Intelligent City, the Learning City etc. In using such frameworks the challenge is a lack of consistent benchmarks to identify those cities and regions that are generating knowledge-driven initiatives. What is our understanding of how urban communities are built and what social progress indicators identify that these communities are thriving?