European Planning Studies, Volume 13, no. 4, June 2005, pp. 521 - 535. "Policy-makers in learning regions are involved in learning from institutional errors made in the past and by doing that in avoiding path-dependent development. Empirical evidence, however, shows that the learning region is of limited importance to unlock regional economies from path dependency A less normative and more process-oriented concept is proposed in this paper, namely that of the learning cluster." by Robert Hassink