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The Extraordinary Value of Great Universities (Richard Florida)

The Extraordinary Value of Great Universities (Richard Florida). See: http://www.theatlanticcities.com/jobs-and-economy/2011/12/extraordinary-...

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Florida and 'great' universities

Unfortunately Florida's assessment is again one-sided and superficial.  He conveniently leaves out that those behind the Global Financial Crisis were graduates of the 'great' universities, those who designed the wars in Iraq and Afghanastan also came from 'great universities, also those who design the social policies that cause so much international harship and misery, then there are those graduates who have managed to wreck the environment and kill its occupants either as large corporates or through government policy, then there is white collar crime and a whole host of other downsides to this planet that have been orchestrated by human capital from 'great' universities.  The same can be said about innovation and technology.  Until some moral and ethical yardstick is used to assess the outputs of universities then we cannot be certain that the outcomes resulting from them will also be great.  When we talk about human capital, innovation, engagement and so on we need to ask the question...'for what?'

Florida, etc.

I have no great love for Mr. Florida's ideas.  I, too, find his work superficial.  But the fact of the matter is that his work - and his ilk - has caught the attention of economic development minded leaders and practitioners in the U.S. and North America.  What is to be done?    

At heart, PASCAL is an organization of roughly like-minded individuals seeking to help regional decision-makers correlate complementary sets of policies and practices: one set is oriented to SOCIAL EQUITY and the other is oriented to ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY.  The tension between these goals is undeniable.

I am presently reading Stephen R. Covey's "The 3rd Alternative: Solving Life's Most Difficult Problems."  There is nothing original in Mr. Covey's book, but I find it a helpful reminder that achieving new gains in this fractured world will come about by seeking out "the other," even the other with commitments that seem diametrically opposed to our own.  Covey indicates that "[conflicts] usually arise when people are actually thinking about their work ... thoughtful people will always differ from each other -- and ... if they care enough to express their differences with passion, that's an offering that ought to be accepted eagerly" (93).

If PASCAL is to be an organization that is committed to mobilizing universities to help regions find "the 3rd alternative" -- i.e., solutions that move beyond compromise and yield actions that achieve outputs and outcomes that are more socially equitable and more economically efficient than solutions formed by individual's (or status quo structures) in comfortable isolation -- then we need to pay attention to what is helpful in the thinking of others.  I do not suggest that this is easy.  (I am not, by the way, disagreeing with  Steve. Garlick.)

Just recently, my parish community had a funeral for a young man (Kevin Ballantine) who succumbed to leukemia.  He was 23.  For three years he fought to overcome his illness and strove to find some way to live a life that would make a difference.  What was notable for me, personally, was the number of people who spoke about Kevin's personal motto during the funeral: "Be the change you want to see in the world."  This of course comes from Mohanda Gandhi.  I've been thinking about this quite a lot.

Steve Garlick's point is exactly right, and I agree with his statement: “Until some moral and ethical yardstick is used to assess the outputs of universities then we cannot be certain that the outcomes resulting from them will also be great.  When we talk about human capital, innovation, engagement and so on we need to ask the question...'for what?'"

I do not know what the moral or ethical yardstick would look like -- but I am confident that PASCAL, through its principle-driven work, can promote an "analogical imagination" that shows how much can be gained by focusing on "similarities in difference."  The opposite of the analogical imagination is the "dialectical imagination" (apologies to Martin Jay) which focuses on difference.  If you read Richard Florida carefully you will see that his thinking not analogical.  Nevertheless, he has added some useful ingredients to the conversation and we do well to pay attention.

Thank you to Steve Garlick for prompting me to think about this further.

Moral purpose, engaged learning and place

Thanks Paul

The point of what I am saying above is that while unethical behaviour might generate considerable private benefit for a few there is invariably a public cost that results.  The GFC and environmental degradation are easy examples of this where the public costs have been horrendous.

Mostly, universities are publicy funded institutions and therefore have an obligation to ensure, as much as they are able, to minimise the public costs due to private unethical behaviour by ensuring their learning programs and innovation initiatives are designed with a moral purpose and are ethical in their undertaking . 

There is indeed, I believe, a real opportunity here for Pascal in working with places and universities through their existing products (PURE, PUMR, PIE, etc) to address issues of moral importance that have global significance that also resonate locally. Indeed, this is the best level in which to pursue these globally important initiatives as they are more readily recognisable and manageable (you know the saying: 'From little things big things grow').  I have raised this with Pascal several times and written about it in publications but it doesn't seem to resonate with them.  Maybe Larry's conference in October might tackle some of it.

Steve

Richard Florida and Great Universities

I have two points to add to this exchange about Richard Florida and great universities from the perspective of Pascal, with its interest in balanced social and economic regional development. ‘Great universities’ - ‘the world's top 400 research universities’ - for better for worse train the wealthy elites, as Steve remarks. Using their prestige they capture the lion’s share of research funds in competing for place among the world’s top few, at great cost to more engaged civic-mission-oriented regional institutions. Striving for prestige based on age and prestige as well as excellence they beggar the other 97 per cent.  

Secondly, Florida somewhat blithely juxtaposes and associates different characteristics to suggest causality. It is equally plausible that rapaciously unequal but wealthy maybe authoritarian societies afford and create well-heeled research universities for reasons of national prestige. Wilkinson and Pickett’s 2010 The Spirit Level. Why Equality is Better for Everyone is careful not to assert causality. It shows many powerful correlations between inequality and social and health indicators - between US States as well as between the leading OECD nations where there are good data. Time and again the US, by far the most unequal nation, stands out as the least healthy and happy at one end of the spectrum. At the other end Japan, the most equal, is in an equality and a well-being class of its own; relatively equal Nordic countries also stand out as far happier and healthier.

This sits ill with Florida’s correlation that ‘nations with more great universities have considerably higher levels of happiness and well-being’. Perhaps, he says, ‘this flows from the fact that universities contribute to and reflect higher levels of innovation and competitiveness as well as more open and meritocratic cultural environments’ - ‘and the more open, egalitarian and happier it is as well’. Perhaps not. Check it out with Wilkinson and Pickett.

May I throw down the gauntlet?

Dear Steve, Paul, Chris et al

I hope your comments on moral imperatives, which I agree with, will carry over to your contribution to PIE's struggle to grapple with the enormopus human problems, growing inequality and social dislocation existing in cities in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere consequent on the pressures from globalisation, urbanisation, and current manifestations of capitalism.

With the massive drift of people from villages to cities in Africa and Asia, cities afford the context and battlefield to address what are fundamentally moral issues, with new ideas urgently needed. As OECD recently observed "key stakeholders are calling for new policy agendas, and new economic and social models that focus not only on groiwth but openness, fainess and inclusion".

While universities can make a contribution, does PASCAL need a shift in perspective from what universities can do, to ideas that emerge from the grassroots up, with many forms of deepened partnerships, to see issues in different ways so as to contribute to the new economic and social models so urgently needed. I do hope you will all contribute actively to aligning PIE so as to contribute to ideas that address the environmental, social, and economic pillars of sustainability in cities that are fundamentally democratic, moral, committed to social justice, and good places to live in.

But perhaps Martin Yarnit was right.

A role for universities, and not just 'great' ones

I have no quarrel with the thrust of this exchange - over the past 40 years, many universities have placed profit-making before morality and contribution. The accountants have taken over the shop. This isn't surprising in a world where survival depends upon at least breaking even in a capital-driven economy.

I would just like to extend Peter's ideas a little further. Reading the papers supplied by the African cities of PIE, it is evident that the effects of rapid population growth and the flight from the land cannot be satisfied by university action alone. Indeed not by the action of any one sector of the city and not even by all of them working together. They need help from cities elsewhere in the world, and a great deal of it!  So here's the plea for the impossible - transform one-tenth of the money spent on weapons of destruction into weapons of reconstruction - of the degrading slums in many African cities, of the ailing economies in African countries, of the minds and spirit of people too demoralised by their own poverty. All it takes is the creation of managed links between 3 or 4 'rich' cities with one that is not so rich, each helping the others and all helping the poorest. If the money is not to come from that source, then there are many other sources of income - immoral or not - bankers' bonuses, foundations, alumni funding, 

Which organisation in a city has the range of expertise, the breadth of knowledge, the multiplicity of organisational skills, the diversity of people, the richness of contacts to make that happen?  Now there's a job for a university that wants to earn the title of truly great! 

 

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